The integration of solar energy with highway service areas advances low-carbon transportation development. However, the scientific design of highway photovoltaic self-sufficient systems (PV-SSES) remains challenging. To address this gap, this paper proposes a novel design and evaluation framework for PV-SSES. Targeting energy demands in both normal and emergency conditions, it introduces two key indicators, Self-Sufficiency Ratio (SSR) and Self-Sufficiet Assurance Time (SSAT), to guide capacity planning. It develops a fuzzy comprehensive hierarchical method to quantitatively evaluate multi-dimensional uncertainties related to economics, environment, and reliability. It employs PVsyst for refined simulation. It also establishes an index system covering functionality, sustainability, and reliability for system performance evaluation. The framework was validated at the Kalamaili service area in Xinjiang. Results show that simulation accuracy was significantly improved, with a maximum monthly error of just 9.88 %, lower than in related studies. The system generated 280.14 MWh annually, achieving an SSR of 51.83 % (designed: 30 %) and an SSAT between 6.3 and 9.8 h (designed: 6 h). This study's contribution lies in a scenario-driven standardized design and evaluation method, and its innovation is the closed-loop process of modeling, simulation, and validation, providing theoretical and technical support for solar energy utilization in highways.
